Compositions containing hexoxyacetaldehydes and their derivatives

ABSTRACT

Compositions containing hexoxyacetaldehydes and/or their derivatives for flavoring foodstuffs or for use in perfumery.

United States Patent 1191 Kulka COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HEXOXYACETALDEHYDES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES Kurt Kulka, New York, N.Y.

Fritzsche Dodge & Olcott Inc., New York, N.Y.

Filed: Nov. 24, 1970 Appl. No.: 92,512

Related U.S. Application Data Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 637,941, May 12, 1967, abandoned.

Inventor:

Assignee:

U.S. Cl 426/222, 252/522, 260/601 Int. Cl. A231 1/26, C070 47/06, Cl 1b 9/00 Field of Search 99/140 R; 260/601,

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4/1940 Dickey 262/8.9

2,902,515 9/1959 Montavon..... 3,654,309 4/1972 Thomas ..252/522X OTHER PUBLICATIONS M. Rotbart, Annales De Chemie, Ser. 11, vol. 1, 457-468, 507412, 1934.

K. Kulka et al., American Perfumer and Cosmetics, 82, 29-30 (June 1967).

Primary Examiner-Morris O. Wolk Assistant Examiner-Sidney Marantz Att0rney-Frank M. Nolan Compositions containing hexoxyacetaldehydes and/or their derivatives for flavoring foodstuffs or for use in perfumery.

ABSTRACT 20 Claims, No Drawings l COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HEXOXYACETALDEHYDES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES tain aliphatic oxyacetaldehydes and certain of their derivatives.

While many aliphatic oxyacetaldehydes are known, the compositions of this invention contain novel compounds which possess unique olfactory and taste characteristics which render the compositions of this invention particularly useful in perfumery and in the flavoring of food-stuffs. The compositions of this invention are especially useful in soapsand cosmetics. They are also effective in the flavoring of food-stuffs such as vegetable juices and spicing preparations.

In accordance with one aspect of this invention, compositions are provided which contain at least onefourth percent by weight of the novel compounds hexoxy-acetaldehydes and/or their derivatives and at least 1 percent by weight of a component which modifies the olfactory or taste properties of the hexoxyacetaldehydes or their derivatives. Other components such as one or a plurality of other perfume or flavoring materials may be included in the composition.

In accordance with another aspect of this invention, the novel compounds employed in the composition may be utilized per se without the component of the composition which modifies the olfactory or taste propclic acetals of such aldehydes, hemi-acetals of such aldehydes and polymeric forms of such aldehydes, such as aldols. The hexoxyacetaldehydes have the formula:

R-O-CH2CHO in which R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having six carbon atoms. The monovalent hydrocarbon radical may be a saturated straight or branched chain radical, such-as nhexyl or 2-methyl-n-pentyl or an unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or two double bonds, such as CH CH CH CH=CHCH '(CH C=CHCH CH or (Cl- Q C=CHCH=CH-, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical containing a triple bond, such as Cl-l E ccn cmcu cinand (CH CHC E CCH The alkyl groups in the dialkyl acetals or hemi-acetals of this invention are lower alkyl containing not more than five carbon atoms and preferably not more than two carbon atoms. Desirably the acetals do not have more than sixteen carbon atoms.

The hexoxyacetaldehydes of this invention may be produced by reacting an alkali metal alcoholate of the required alcohol with a chloro acetaldehydedialkylacetal. The required alkali metal alcoholate, such as sodium alcoholate, may be produced by reacting the required alcohol with an alkali metal hydride, such as sodium hydride, desirably in the form of an oil emulsion of the hydride in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction which takes place when chloro acetaldehydedimethylacetal and the required sodium alcoholate are employed is as follows:

in the initial'step for the production of the required alcoholate, sodium hydride may be added, for example, in the form -of a 54 percent oil emulsion, under agitation, and cooling with an ice-water bath. This is an exothermic reaction and the temperature is desirably maintained within the range of l730 C. After completion of the addition, the cooling bath is removed and the mixture desirably agitated in a nitrogen atmosphere for about 4% hours. Additional quantities of the required alcohol may be added in order to facilitate agitation and the mixture heated to theboiling point of the required alcohol to drive the. reaction to completion. The substantial conversion to the alcoholate is indicated in this instance by the termination of hydrogen evolution. The chloroacetaldehyde-dialkylacetal is then added. The reaction mixture is refluxed with agitation for several hours until LR. determination indicates the substantial disappearance of chlorine. Warm water is then added and the solids are dissolved. Two layers are formed which are separated and the organic part is filtered to separate it from some muck which is usually formed. The aqueous portion is extracted with a suitable organic solvent such as benzene and the extract is added to the organic layer. The combined organic portions are washed successively with warm water, saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and finally with water. The organic solvent, such as benzene, is then distilled off from the organic layer, and the remaining reaction product fractionated through a 1% foot Vigreaux column. The main portion boils at about 8890 C. at 7 mm.

The dialkylacetal of any hexoxyacetaldehyde may be utilized to produce the corresponding hexoxyacetaldehyde. The dimethylacetal of any such hexoxyacetaldehyde is of value for use as an odoriferous component in many compositions to scent them, including soap and cosmetics. For example, the dimethylacetal of nhexanoxyacetaldehyde has a pronounced green odor of rare naturalness which is one of the most desirable odor notes in perfumery. The corresponding diethylacetal has a similar odor but of lesser intensity.

The desired 2-hexanoxyacetaldehyde is produced by hydrolysis from 2-hexanoxyacetaldehydedimethylacetal. The 2-hexanoxyacetaldehydedimethylacetal is hydrolyzed with a Zpercent aqueous sulfuric acid solution under reflux for one hour. It is cooled and separates into an organic and an aqueous layer. The aqueous layer is desirably extracted with an organic solvent, such as benzene. The organic layer and extracts are combined and washed with water. The sol: vent is distilled off. The remaining crude aldehyde is purified by fractional distillation through a one inch Vigreaux column. The main faction boils at about -8 8 C. at 7mm.

The methylene group of hexoxyacetaldehydes is activated because it is flanked by an ether and an aldehyde group. Such aldehydes are relatively unstable. On standing at room temperature in a closed brown bottle,

they undergo self-condensation and indications are that i an aldol is formed. In the case of nhexanoxyacetaldehyde, the structure of the aldol would appear to be as follows:

This dimerization, for .example that of nhexanoxyacetaldehyde, proceeds rather rapidly as observed by the change of the LR. curve of the product after standing overnight. Thereafter the pace of this process slows down markedly, and it takes approximately 9' months standing at room temperature until .the intensity of the carbonyl peak of the LR. curve becomes constant, and simultaneously wet analysis shows the correct carbonyl value for the dimer. The refractive index at 20 C. of the aldehyde is: 1.4230 and that of the aldol is 1.4326.

The absence of any turbidity indicates that the aldol did not dehydrate to the unsaturated compound and the LR. pattern of this product is in conformity with this finding. The odor of the liquid, assumed to bethe (dimeric) aldol is strongly reminiscent of the original aldehyde, but less intense and somewhat less clean.

To produce the di lower alkylacetals of any of the hexoxyacetaldehydes, the required corresponding chloroacetaldehyde di lower alkylacetal is employed instead of chloroacetaldehyde dimethylacetal. For example, if the diethylacetal of n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde is desired, chloroacetaldehyde diethylacetal is reacted with the sodium .alcoholate of n-he'xanol.

Freshly distilled hexoxyacetaldehydes may be stabilized as their hemi-acetals by combining the aldehyde with a lower alkyl alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol or a dihydroxy alcohol such as propylene glycol or dipropylene glycol or a combination. of monohydroxy and dihydroxy alcohols. Desirably, equal quantities of the aldehyde and alcohol or mixtures of alcohols are employed. Such a 50:50 percent solution preserves the original odor characteristics as was established by organoleptic evaluations at intervals ranging from 1 to 9 months.

A cyclic acetal may be produced by adding one molecular equivalent of a freshly distilled hexoxyacetaldehyde to about ten molecular equivalents of a glycol, such as ethylene glycol. The solution usually warms up indicating the formation of the hemiacetal. After the exothermic reaction terminates (the temperature is approximately 45-50 C.) the solution is permitted to stand for several hours at room temperature, desirably overnight. After standing, a catalytic amount of a mineral acid, such as phosphoric acid is added to promote the formation of the cyclic acetal. The solution is warmed, maintained at 40-45 C. for several hours and is then made alkaline with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate solution. The excess glycol is distilled under vacuum and the remaining cyclic acetal may be DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE I Z-HEXOXYACETALDEHYDE- DIMETHYLACETAL The reaction was conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere by leading a stream of nitrogen below the surface of the reaction mixture. There were placed in a two liter 3-necked reaction flask 255 g. of n-hexanol. 53.3 G. of sodium hydride as a 54 percent oil emulsion were added to the n-hexanol contained in the reaction flask under agitation and cooling with an ice-water bath over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction was exothermic and the temperature range was maintained at 17-- 30 C. After the addition, the cooling bath was removed. Agitation was continued with nitrogen ebullition over a period of about 4% hours. At that time, the hydrogen test was negative. The mixture was permitted to stand overnight with agitation. The reaction product was a creamy, slightly yellow suspension. G. of nhexanol were added to facilitate agitation and the mixture became clear and thin. The mixture was then about 4% hours below the surface with agitation and nitrogen ebullition 124.5 g. of chlorodimethyl-acetal. The temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at l20-135 C. The mixture refluxed with agitation for 1 hour. It was permitted to stand over a weekend and then refluxed for an additional 7 hours. The progress of the reaction was followed by infrared (I.R.) determination and the reaction was terminated upon the substantial disappearance of the LR. peak indicative of chlorine. To the cooled reaction mixture was added 1,000 ml. of warm water. The solids dissolved and two layers were formed. The layers were separated and the organic part was filtered to liberate it from some muck. The aqueous portion was extracted twice with 200 ml. of benzene. The benzene extracts were added to the main organic part. The resulting solution was washed successively with 500 ml. of warm water, 500 ml. of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and twice with 500 ml. of water. The benzene was distilled off in vacuum. The-residue was fractionated through a 1% foot Vigreaux column. The results of the fractionation is shown in the following table:

Temperature Temperature Vacuum Volume Weight Fraction of vapor C.) of flask C.) in mm. in ml. in grams 1 38-66 82-83 33 2 1.8 2 66-83 83-128 31 280 230.6 Recovered n-hexanol 3 72-88 10] 7 7 6.6 lntermedate 4 88-90 101-153 7 100 89.7 Main 5 7b 166 7 4 3.4 High fraction Residue 71.8

purified by fractional distillation in a vacuum. The reaction which takes place is indicated as follows:

The main fraction had a refractive index (R.l.) at 20 C. of 1.4170. The IR. confirmed the presence of 2- hexoxyacetaldehydedimethylacetal. The wet analysis indicated an approximate 100 percent purity.

EXAMPLE II Z-I-IEXENOXYACETALDEI-IYDE DIMETI-IYLACETAL The same procedure is followed as in Example I except that about 255 g. of 2-hexen-1-o1 is employed instead of the 255 g. of n-hexanol.

The boiling point of the resulting 2- hexenoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal is 1l0l 11 C. at 15 mm. The refractive index at C. is 1.4331.

EXAMPLE III 1,3-DIMETI-IYLBUTANOXYACETALDEI-IYDE DIMETHYLACETAL The procedure described in Example I is followed except that 255 g. of 1,3-dimethylbutanol is employed instead of the 255 g. of n-hexanol.

The boiling point of the resulting 1,3-dimethylbutanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal is 8689 C. at 15 mm. The refractive index at 20 C. is 1.4139.

EXAMPLE IV 2-M ETHYLPENTANOXYACETALDEI-IYDE DIMETI-IYLACETAL The procedure described in Example I is followed except that 255 g. of 2-methylpentanol is employed instead of 255 g. of n-hexanol.

The boiling point of the resulting 2-methylpentanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal is 103105 C. at 20 mm. The refractive index at 20 C. is 1.4161.

EXAMPLE V Z-ETHYLBUTANOXYACETALDEI-IYDE DIMETHYLACETAL The procedure described in Example I is followed except that 255 g. of 2-ethylbutanol is employed instead of 255 g. of n-hexanol.

The boiling point of the resulting 2- ethylbutanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal is 9394 C. at 20 mm. The refractive index at 20 C. is 1.4168.

EXAMPLE VI 2-I-IEXANOXYACETALDEI-IYDE DIETI-IYLACETAL The procedure described in Example I is followed except that 152 g. of chloroacetaldehyde diethylacetal is employed instead of 124.5 g. of chloroacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

The boiling point of the resulting nhexanoxyacetaldehyde diethylacetal is 106l08 C. at 7 mm. The refractive index at 20 C. is 1.4188.

EXAMPLE VII Z-I-IEXOXYACETALDEHYDE- DIPROPYLENEGLYCOL HEMl-ACETAL In order to prepare the dipropylene glycol hemiacetal, the 2-hexoxyacetaldehyde-dimethylacetal prepared as described in Example I is reacted with a 2 percent aqueous sulfuric acid solution under reflux and agitated for 1 hour. This procedure liberates the free aldehyde. It is necessary to neutralize the sulfuric acid and to work up the reaction product without delay. This is accomplished by combining the free aldehyde with dipropylene glycol as a 50:50 percent mixture. On standing the hexoxyacetaldehyde-propyleneglycol hemiacetal is formed. 7

The 2-hexoxyacetaldehyde-dimethylacetal employed in Examples VIII through XVI is prepared in accordance with the method described in Example I, while the 2-hexoxyacetaldehyde-dipropyleneglycol hemiace tal employed in Example XV is prepared by the method described in Example VII.

EXAMPLE vin HYAClNTI-I PERFUME COMPOSITION A hyacinth perfume composition is prepared by mixing the following:

EXAMPLE IX MUGUET PERFUME COMPOSITION A muguet perfume composition is prepared by rnixing the following:

COMPONENTS Hydroxy citronellal extra Rhodinol pure Nerol coeur Linalool ex bois de rose 4 Hydroxy citronellal dimethyl acetal Anisyl alcohol Cinnamic alcohol Phenylethyl alcohol coeur Oil ylang extra Amy] cinnamic aldehyde Benzyl acetate .Iasmophore Oil petitgrain terpeneless Methyl phenyl acetaldehyde 10% Citral Linalyl acetate ex bois rose Absolute rose de mai exotique I-Iyperabsolute civet 1% Z-hexoxyacetaldehyledimethylacetal :w LnMv-un-n-MNMAMA EXAMPLE X ROSE PERFUME COMPOSITION A rose perfume composition is prepared by mixing the following:

PARTS by weight COMPONENTS Phenylethyl alcohol coeur Rhodinol pure Oil geranium reunion extra Ionone a: white coeur Agrumen aldehyde .5 Eugenol USP extra Nerol coeur l Geranyl acetate 33 .5 Citronellol 1900 2-I-Iexoxyacelaldehyde dimethyl acetal 2000 EXAMPLE XI FOIN COUPE A foin coupe perfume composition is prepared by mixing the following:

PARTS by weight COMPONENTS l Coumarin Hyperabsolute tonka feve 10% Linalool synth. Benzyl acetate Geranium reunion extra Benzodihydropyran purified Methyl acetophenone Oil bergamot extra Oil lavender barreme Lavender absolute barrerne Hydroxy citronellal extra Jasmin absolute Italian Rose de mai exotique Sage sclaree extra Oil ylang extra Anisyl alcohol Diethyl phthalate 2-hexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal EXAMPLE XII CARNATION A carnation perfume composition is prepared by mixing the following:

COMPONENTS [soeugenol Benzyl isoeugenol Helioptopin Otto of rose imitation Petitgrain terpeneless Oil ylang extra Phenyl acetaldehyde l0% Eugenol Jasmin absolute art. Oil black pepper Phenyl propyl aldehyde l0% Aldehyde C-l6 1% Vanillin ex lignin Hydroxy citronellal extra Terpineol imp. style lsobutyl phenyl acetate .5 Z-hexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal .5 Diethyl phthalate EXAMPLE XIII CYCLAMEN A cyclamen perfume composition is prepared by mixing the following:

PARTS by weight COMPONENTS 3S Hydroxy citronellal extra Heliotropin 3 Rose absolute maroco l Nerol coeur 2 Cyclamen aldehyde extra 2 Jasmin abs. Ital. l0 oe-lonone white coeur Linalool ex bois de rose 5 Terpineol extra 10 Cinnamic alcohol 2 Tinc. amber gris 4:!28 5 Oil bergamot extra 1 Oil ylang extra 91 2 Hexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal a I82 EXAMPLE XIV GREEN PEPPER FLAVORING A green pepper flavoring is prepared by mixing the following:

PARTS by weight COMPONENT Oleoresin paprica Oleoresin capsicum Oil lemon Oil clove Phellandrene Oil black pepper Oil celery 2-I-Iexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Vegetable oil The 2-hexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal imparts a natural vegetable-note to the flavor.

EXAMPLE XV VEGETABLE JUICE SPICING COMPOSITION A vegetable juice spicing composition is prepared by mixing the following:

PART

' COMPONENT Oleoresin capsicum Oil clove Z-I-Iexoxyacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Oil lemon (folded) Oil celery Oil black pepper Polysorbate Triacetin 2 (IQ ODIN PPP'rP. ewe 000000 000 The Z-hexoxyacetaldehyde dimethy] acetal imparts an herb-like note to the flavor.

EXAMPLE XVI ORANGE JUICE FLAVOR An orange juice flavor composition is prepared by mixing the following:

PART

' COMPONENT Hexanal Heptanal Octanal Nonanal Decanal Dodecanal Cirral 2-Hexoxyacetaldehyde dipropyleneglycol hemi-acetal Orange oil R-O-CI-hCHO in which R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having six carbon atoms and at least 1 percent by weight of a component which modifies the olfactory or taste prop erties of said compound.

2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is a saturated straight chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.

3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is a branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.

4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is an unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing one or two double bonds.

5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is an unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing a triple bond.

6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a hexoxyacetaldehyde.

7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a polymeric form of a hexoxyacetaldehyde.

8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the number of carbon atoms of said compound does not exceed l6.

9. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde.

10. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

11. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in

which said compound is 2-n-hexenoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

12. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is l ,3-dimethyl-nbutanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

13. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 2-methyl-npentanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

14. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 2-ethyl-nbutanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.

15. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde diethylacetal.

16. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is a cyclic acetal.

17. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a lower dialkyl acetal of hexoxyacetaldehyde.

18. A composition in accordance with claim 17 in which each of the alkyl groups of said dialkyl acetal has less than five carbon atoms.

19. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a lower alkyl hemi-acetal of hexoxyacetaldehyde.

20. A composition in accordance with claim 19 in which the alkyl group of said alkyl hemi-acetal has less than five carbon atoms. 

2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is a saturated straight chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.
 3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is a branched chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical.
 4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which R of the formula is an unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing one or two double bonds.
 5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in whicH R of the formula is an unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing a triple bond.
 6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a hexoxyacetaldehyde.
 7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a polymeric form of a hexoxyacetaldehyde.
 8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which the number of carbon atoms of said compound does not exceed
 16. 9. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde.
 10. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.
 11. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 2-n-hexenoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.
 12. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 1,3-dimethyl-n-butanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.
 13. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 2-methyl-n-pentanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.
 14. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is 2-ethyl-n-butanoxyacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.
 15. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is n-hexanoxyacetaldehyde diethylacetal.
 16. A composition in accordance with claim 1, in which said compound is a cyclic acetal.
 17. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a lower dialkyl acetal of hexoxyacetaldehyde.
 18. A composition in accordance with claim 17 in which each of the alkyl groups of said dialkyl acetal has less than five carbon atoms.
 19. A composition in accordance with claim 1 in which said compound is a lower alkyl hemi-acetal of hexoxyacetaldehyde.
 20. A composition in accordance with claim 19 in which the alkyl group of said alkyl hemi-acetal has less than five carbon atoms. 